Out of Joint: Understanding Dislocated Elbows in Dogs

Our dogs rely on their legs for everything from playful romps to gentle cuddles. When an elbow becomes dislocated, it can cause significant pain and limit their ability to move comfortably. Understanding this injury, its causes, and the available treatment options is crucial for any dog owner.

What is a Dislocated Elbow?

A dislocated elbow, also known as elbow luxation, occurs when the bones that make up the elbow joint – the humerus (upper arm bone), radius, and ulna (forearm bones) – become separated. This happens when the ligaments that hold these bones together are torn or stretched, allowing the joint to slip out of place.

Causes of Elbow Dislocations:

Elbow dislocations in dogs are typically caused by significant trauma, such as:

• Falls: Landing awkwardly from a height can put extreme stress on the elbow joint.
• Car Accidents: Being hit by a car can cause severe injuries, including elbow dislocations.
• Dog Fights: Aggressive encounters with other animals can lead to traumatic injuries like dislocations.
• Sports Injuries: While less common, some athletic activities can lead to elbow dislocations.

Recognizing the Signs:

A dislocated elbow is a painful injury, and dogs will typically show clear signs of distress:

• Severe Lameness: The dog will be unable to bear weight on the affected leg.
• Visible Deformity: The elbow joint may appear visibly misshapen or out of place.
• Swelling and Bruising: The elbow area will likely be swollen and bruised.
• Pain: The dog will exhibit signs of pain, such as whimpering, flinching, or guarding the injured leg.
• Reluctance to Move: The dog will be hesitant to move or put any weight on the affected limb.

Diagnosis and Treatment:

If you suspect your dog has a dislocated elbow, it’s crucial to seek veterinary attention immediately. The veterinarian will:

1. Perform a Physical Examination: Assess the elbow joint, checking for deformity, swelling, and pain.
2. Take X-rays: X-rays are essential to confirm the dislocation and rule out any other injuries, such as fractures.

Treatment for a dislocated elbow typically involves:

1. Reduction: The veterinarian will manually manipulate the elbow joint back into its proper position. This is usually done under general anesthesia to ensure the dog is comfortable and relaxed.
2. Stabilization: Once the elbow is back in place, it needs to be stabilized to prevent it from dislocating again. This may involve splinting or casting the leg for several weeks.
3. Pain Management: Pain medication will be prescribed to keep the dog comfortable during the healing process.
4. Rehabilitation: After the splint or cast is removed, physical therapy may be recommended to help the dog regain strength and range of motion in the elbow.
5. Bracing: Sometimes it is a good idea to have a limited mobility orthotic or elbow brace, to help give longer lasting support of the joint, and aid in Physical therapy.  Posh Dog Knee Brace is a great place to start, with our elbow braces.

Recovery and Prognosis:

The recovery time for a dislocated elbow varies depending on the severity of the injury and the dog’s overall health. Most dogs will require several weeks of rest and restricted activity to allow the ligaments to heal properly. With proper treatment and rehabilitation, the prognosis for a dislocated elbow is generally good, and most dogs will regain full use of their leg.  

Preventing Elbow Dislocations:

While it’s not always possible to prevent traumatic injuries, you can take some steps to reduce the risk of elbow dislocations:

• Keep Dogs on Leash: When walking your dog, keep them on a leash to prevent them from running into traffic or other hazards.
• Supervise Outdoor Activities: Supervise your dog when they are playing outdoors to prevent falls or other injuries.
• Provide a Safe Environment: Ensure your home and yard are free from hazards that could lead to falls or injuries.
• Bracing: Sometimes bracing for a few weeks post injury and after the initial period of splinting is a good idea, for added support of the joint.

Conclusion:

A dislocated elbow is a serious injury that requires prompt veterinary attention. With proper treatment and rehabilitation, most dogs can make a full recovery and return to their normal activities. If you suspect your dog has a dislocated elbow, don’t hesitate to seek veterinary care immediately. Early intervention can make a significant difference in your dog’s comfort and recovery. For more information about our Posh Brace contact us via our contact form or visit us on Facebook.